Catcher in the Rye Extended Response Free Essays

Catcher in the Rye Extended Response To depict about Holden a bit, he was an extremely unusual person. He has alternate point of view to others, despite the fact that he has a typical appearance. He beverages, smokes and swears a ton yet he is just a young person. We will compose a custom article test on Catcher in the Rye Extended Response or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now The way Holden talked was exceptionally clever; he utilized swearing words a great deal. Perhaps creator attempted to communicate Holden’s negative point of view against the world by utilizing along these lines of talking. Anyway, he was a run of the mill understudy who had issues in schools. He flopped each subject aside from English, and got kicked out of each school he went to. Additionally, he truly abhorred â€Å"phony things†. What he implied in the word fake resembled the fundamental way individuals do each day. He additionally loathed Hollywood films and the entertainers since he thought they were fake. I think he just detests it when individuals talk in a positive way. It’s extremely abnormal on the grounds that he would likewise detest individuals swearing and without habits. He detests fake things and he reprimands each individuals he meets and met when he ought to scrutinize himself. It shows how negative he truly is. I marveled from the start, why he thought the world as, bleak spot with no fact. He didn’t like anything. I think after his sibling Allie passed on, he changed perspective to the general public and condition around him. And furthermore, his family (his particularly his dad) influenced his character. There’s a section where he says about his sibling Allie. I could perceive the amount Holden adored his sibling however after he kicked the bucket, he turned his back to the world. I can consider like, His dad is a legal advisor and his family is rich. Perhaps he saw numerous fake things since he was nearly nothing. In any case, Allie and Phoebe could have there for him. At that point his sibling kicked the bucket, and he has nobody to depend on, just Phoebe. The person who Holden truly loves was Phoebe. Along these lines, he doesn’t need to examine and go to college and blend in with individuals who express fake things consistently. He doesn’t end the existence genuine as others around him. He truly imagines that life is a â€Å"phony thing†, and afterward he beverages, smokes and swears a great deal, just to shield himself from the world. There was where Holden said he need to be the catcher in rye, with simply the kids around him. I could see that he was exhausted with the reality where grown-ups expressing fake things unfailingly. Perhaps the creator may have been attempted to scrutinize the advanced world by Holden. I don’t know, however I think Holden truly prefers not to associate in the general public. He simply needed to be encircled by the children’s honesty. He likewise attempted to go to West and live in the lodge with a not very many contact with others and be hard of hearing quiet. I think he attempts to escape from the world and to be part away from the fake individuals. He was really a desolate adolescent who doesn’t have guardians that deal with him heartily. All Holden was searching for was the positive qualities throughout his life that he couldn’t find. Instructions to refer to Catcher in the Rye Extended Response, Papers

Chapter 14-16 Essays - Gediminids, Grand Dukes Of Lithuania

Part 14-16 Mindovg Also known as Mindaugas, this man was the main ruler of Lithuania, which had to blend into some similarity to an agnostic state because of weights from the Teutonic Knights. This man would receive Christianity, and a crown from Pope Innocent IV, just to desert Christianity only before his death, which sent Lithuanian into a force vacuum and a time of unsteadiness. otherwise called Vytenis, was the principal ruler to join Lithuanian after the death of Mindovg. This man controlled from around 1295 to 1316 under the title Grand Prince, otherwise called Grand Duke, and was murdered battling the Teutonic Knights. Viten otherwise called Vytenis, was the primary ruler to join Lithuanian after the death of Mindovg. This man administered from roughly 1295 to 1316 under the title Grand Prince, otherwise called Grand Duke, and was murdered battling the Teutonic Knights. Gedymin otherwise called Gediminas, was the sibling of Viten and is known as Lithuania's first evident pioneer, combin ing the agnostic states into a suitable political unit. Under this present man's standard Lithuanian kept on extending toward the southeast, pushing past Polotsk that had just been vanquished by Mindovg. It was under this present man's standard that Vilna turned into the capital of Lithuania. Olgerd lso known as Algidas, was the best of the Lithuanian rulers, growing his state to its stature to incorporate Volynia, Kiev, Chernigov, and Smolensk. Helped by his sibling Keistut, this man had the option to fight off the Teutonic Knights, Poland, Muscovy, and the Mongols, permitting his state to extend from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea. This man passed on in 1377. The accomplishment of this man can be added to the idea of his state: Russian-Lithuanaian. Over 75% of Lithuania was Russian, Russia was pronounced the official language of state during this present man's standard, and the Lithuanians changed their military, organization, lawful framework, and money related framework with Ru ssia's as a model. Lithuanian nobility likewise tried to acclimatize with the Russia privileged. As such, Russians didn't viewed themselves as administered by a remote occupier however by a Russian state. Jagiello otherwise called Jogaila, the child and replacement of Olgerd, was utilized by his dad so as to protect a union with Poland, who battled with Lithuania from a significant number of a similar exchange courses. Olgerd had his child wedded to Queen Jadwiga of Poland, turning into the beneficiary of Polish crown. This was essential as the Piast managing family had no male beneficiary. When Olgerd went in 1377, this man became both the Grand Duke of Lithuania and remained the next to turn into the King of Poland, under the Polish name Wladyslaw II. In any case, in 1392, this man had to name Keitut's child Vitovt the Grand Prince of Lithuania, in spite of the fact that he was vassal to the King of Poland, who was this man. This plan prompted two unmistakably separate realms unde r the individual association of one man. In 1413, this association, with Lithuania as vassal of Poland, stayed in any event, when the King of Poland and the Grand Prince of Lithuania were two separate individuals. After this man, the main man to manage in the two positions would be Casimir IV, who climbed in 1447 to the Polish tossed without giving up his titled as the Grand Prince of Lithuania. Vitovt otherwise called Vytautas, was the child of Keistut, the sibling of Olgerd and controlled as the Grand Prince of Lithuania, vassal to the King of Poland, from 1392 to 1430. Under this present man's standard Lithuania developed to its biggest zone, retaining Moldavia, Wallachia, and Bessarabia. This man likewise protected relative harmony with more vulnerable Moscow after Vasilii I wedded this present man's little girl. During his rule, all of Kievan Rus, spare Pskov and Novgorod, was either vanquished or vowed their union to this man. This man drove Lithuania against the Teutonic Knig hts at the Battle of Tannenberg, adequately finishing the Teutonic danger. Anyway numerous triumphs he had, this man made them annihilate rout in 1399 against the Mongols on the bans of the Vorskla River, flagging the decay of Lithuania. The Battle of tannenber referred to after WWI as the Battle of Grunwald, was battled in 1410 by Lithuania, drove

Comparing And Contrasting Essay Topics For College Students

Comparing And Contrasting Essay Topics For College StudentsWhen you are trying to write a college essay, it is very important that you compare and contrast essay topics for college students. You will be surprised by the number of students who do not have any idea what an essay should be about.When you are searching for essay topics, you need to know that there are many things that should go into this type of essay. Students, when they write their essays, must be able to find the theme and then they must also come up with an argument in their essay. This is the hardest part for a student to write and a college student.Many college students do not have the knowledge that is needed when writing an essay. This is why it is so important that you study this topic. Once you know what is required for a particular college essay, you will be able to focus on writing this type of essay and therefore, you will be able to write better essays in general.When you start thinking about the topics tha t should be used in your essay, you need to make sure that it is very easy to understand and is very simple subject matter. As well, it should be something that is easy to read. You want your reader to get bored with the essay and then they will have no interest in reading the rest of the essay. You will also be able to avoid boring your reader because they do not feel that they need to finish your essay.There are many different topics that can be used for a college student's essay. This means that you should write these topics very creatively and use them as your basis for the argument that you are going to make in your essay. You should consider other topics in order to enhance the essay that you are going to write.Most college students want to learn as much as possible about the topic that they are writing about. Therefore, if you use several different topic examples, you will be able to mix different ideas together and you will be able to make your topic sound more interesting. This makes the essay a lot easier to write and you will be able to get better grades on your essays.Another important element in a college essay is the style of writing. A college student will need to be able to talk about their opinion, but you must be able to show how the other person's opinion does not match the facts that are present in the text. This makes the essay very engaging and interesting.College students have a lot of topics that they may want to use. Make sure that you have a list of the different topics that you have that are appropriate for your class. If you do not have the time to research for these topics, there are many websites on the internet that have an entire database of the different topics that are suitable for your class.

The Y2K Glitch and End of the Century Changes

The year 2000 (Y2K) problem scared the world. Although some were ready to party like its 1999, others predicted catastrophe at the end of the year because of a programming assumption from the early days of computers. Y2K entered the cultural conversation over concerns that technology and automated systems would fail when their clocks had to convert the date from Dec. 31, 1999 to Jan. 1, 2000. Age of Technological Fear Many assumed that electronics would not be able to compute dates that did not begin with 19 because they ran on outdated, short-sighted programming. Computer systems would be so confused that they would completely shut down, leading to chaos and wide-scale disruption. Considering how much of our everyday lives were run by computers in 99, New Years was expected to bring about serious computerized consequences. People were worried about banks,  traffic lights, the power grid, airports, microwaves, and televisions which were all run by computers. Doomsayers even predicted that mechanical processes like flushing toilets would be affected by the Y2K bug. Some thought that Y2K would end civilization as we knew it. As computer programmers madly dashed to update computers systems with new information, many in the public prepared themselves by storing extra cash and food supplies. Preparations for the Bug By 1997, a few years ahead of widespread panic over the millennium problem, computer scientists were already working toward the solution. The British Standards Institute (BSI) developed new computer standards to define conformity requirements for the year 2000. Known as  DISC PD2000-1, the standard outlined four rules: No value for current date will cause any interruption in operation.Date-based functionality must behave consistently for dates prior to, during, and after 2000.In all interfaces and data storage, the century in any date must be specified either explicitly or by unambiguous inferencing rules and algorithms.2000 must be recognized as a leap year.   Essentially, the standard understood the bug to rely on two key issues: The existing two-digit representation was problematic in date processing.A misunderstanding of calculations for leap years in the Gregorian Calendar caused the year 2000 to not be programmed as a leap year. The first problem was solved by creating new programming for dates to be entered as four-digit numbers (1997, 1998, 1999, and so on), where they were previously represented only by two (97, 98, and 99). The second solution was amending the algorithm for calculating leap years to any year value divided by 100 is not a leap year, with the addition of excluding years which are divisible by 400. What Happened  on January 1? With so much preparation and updated programming done before the change of date, the catastrophe was mostly averted. When the prophesied date came and computer clocks around the world updated to Jan. 1, 2000, very little happened that was abnormal. Only a few relatively minor millennium bug problems occurred, and even fewer were reported.

My Adoption Journey Essay - 1571 Words

While different from most people’s expectations, adoption can be a wonderful alternative to natural child birth. For people that can have their own biological children and for those that can not, adoption can be the solution to having a fulfilling family. The biological parents placing their children for adoption, the adopting parents, and the children being adopted all benefit greatly from adoption. Most women can naturally get pregnant and most men can naturally get women pregnant. But for the small minority that can not get pregnant, for whatever reason or other, have to explore other means of having children. Adoption is a wonderful choice. Adoption has been a blessing for my family. When I found out that my husband could†¦show more content†¦We hired an attorney that handled private adoptions and only paid a fraction of the agency prices. The attorney worked for the birth mother and had the responsibility of connecting the right set of adopting parents with her specific criteria. In our case, the process was simple. The birth mother gave the attorney a set of criteria that she hoped for from the adopting parents. The criteria requested information such as religion, race, education, job security, etc. Our first step was to write a â€Å"Dear Birthmother† letter and tell everything about ourselves. We wrote about what kind of people we were, how we would raise our children, our likes and dislikes, stories about our upbringing, and so on. Part of the letter was written from me and gave my perspective on adoption and the rest was written by my husband which gave his perspective. We included pictures of ourselves, pictures of our home, and pictures of us with extended family members. All of this was compiled into a portfolio. When the attorney thought that she had matched the right couples with the right birth mother, she presented our portfolio along with two others for the birth mother to review. The birthmother narrowed it down to two sets of adopting parents and requested for us to meet with her. She showed a lot of interest in us but wanted to meet with both couples before she made her final decision. A few days after meeting with theShow MoreRelatedReflection On Liberty Godparent Home1640 Words   |  7 Pagespractice setting in particular peeked my interest: The Liberty Godparent Home (LGH) and Family Life Services (FLS). Though two distinct ministries, they work in tandem to facilitate the wellbeing of young mothers and adoption placements. We specifically met with Paige Crouch, the Adoption Caseworker for FLS, and Hailey Belcher, the Case Manager for LGH. The following is an in depth evaluation and reflection of this practice setting and how it’s informed my study and preparation within the socialRead MoreAdopting A Child From A Race856 Words   |  4 Pagestell them that they shouldn’t think like the way they think about life in general but I am just a guy from the outside trying to look in the inside I could blame them to feel what they felt, the government should educated everyone about transracial adoption I think if people are aware of this then they wo uld be acceptable about the difference of other people. Make a universal symbol for these people that way people would know why these kids look like them but act and talk different. I never thoughtRead MoreImportant Clinical Issues Of The Family Conflict812 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered to be the client of interest, I believe it would be beneficial to invite Tova and Travis to join their daughter in counseling. My hope is that Avery will find the space within herself to embrace her unique multicultural identity. Potential Countertransference As a multicultural counselor, I want to learn about the different worldviews of my clients and understand my own reactions (Sue Sue, 2012, p. 6). I understand the advantages I have as a White person, and that many systems I take for grantedRead MoreBecoming A Licensed Christian Counselor920 Words   |  4 Pagesunfortunately, many parents fall short on the explanation of God’s physical, emotional and spiritual design for them. This is where the Christian counselor comes in. It is my dream and goal to ultimately become a Christian counselor specializing in at-risk teens and families. To become a licensed Christian counselor, one must start the journey by setting solid academic goals and pursuing the education required for such licensure. For me, these educational goals include Associate’s and Bachelor’s degreesRead More Adoption Essay636 Words   |  3 Pagesnonbiological parent or parents is the definition of adoption. In such a transfer, adoptive parents acc ept the same rights and responsibilities as the child’s birth parents would have had, while the child becomes a member of a family that provides the social, emotional, and physical nurturing that children needs to grow up to be healthy, functioning adults. But there are some legal issues or opinions that can lead to a halting backfire in the adoption process. But, as the biological parent(s) and adoptingRead MorePersonal Statement About My Hero The First Person887 Words   |  4 Pagesabout my hero the first person, or in my case persons that came to mind were my parents. My parents had a raised their family, even had two grandchildren, but that was not enough for them, they adopted my sister and I and started all over again. In June of 2004 my sister and I were living in an orphanage in Tambov, Russia. We had been living there for almost five years, so when we were in formed a that a couple from the United States were interested in adopting us we were very excited. My parentsRead MoreCultural Identity And Identity Essay : Who I Am?1448 Words   |  6 Pagesthat was my childhood—or really any country song about being a kid. The age old question, â€Å"Who do you want to be when you grow up?†, implies that we are never fully adult until we are fully who we want to be. As I have transitioned into adulthood, I’ve found that we are never really fully grown, but rather always growing. We are always changing, transitioning, and striving to become our ideal selves; however, this destination should never disqualify the journey of getting there. The journey is whatRead MoreA Report On Medical Records1300 Words   |  6 Pages I was adopted by my family the day after I was born. From ages four through nine I was admitted into the hospital, every year, for dehydration which caused uncontrollable vomiting. These illness continue to plague me even today. Doctors would often prescribe antibiotics which would help until my next illness occurred. Their never seemed to be a month that would go by without some kind of illness. The summer going into 8th, I went under nose surgery. A month after my surgery, I ended up gettingRead MoreThe Moral Judgement And Moral Judgment1220 Words   |  5 PagesTogether we revisited a time in my life that was not easy. We explored a moral dilemma, â€Å"â€Å"should I have ignored the struggles that I would encounter to keep custody of my son, or should I have given up my parental rights so he could be adopted by someone who could better provide for his medical and special needs?† We came to the moral judgment was that I should put aside my personal interest, and al low my son to be adopted. This moral judgment was based on the rule that it is always necessaryRead MoreThemes Of Immortality And Improbable Brotherhood Of Gilgamesh And Enkidu1250 Words   |  5 Pagesway making him the animal Enkidu once was. The pleas of the people voiced to the gods were, â€Å"Gilgamesh would leave no girl to her mother! The warriors daughter, the young man’s spouse† (Sanders, 39). The joining of Enkidu and Gilgamesh during a journey where Enkidu stops Gilgamesh from raping a bride to be starts the link in the chain to brotherhood. A sense of respect was formed through a fight which gave them both a chance to see their equal strength. Gilgamesh quickly realizes that Enkidu is

Moral Ambiguity in The Stranger Essay - 727 Words

Has there ever existed a person that has not judged someone else over their lifetime? Judging by reality as well as literature it seems that no person like that has ever existed. It appears that it is human nature to want to pronounce others as either purely good or evil. But does everyone fit into the mold of good or evil? In Albert Camuss The Stranger, Meursault is a morally ambiguous character, and this ethical indistinctness plays a major part in the novel as a whole and the theme that Camus is trying to portray. Meursault resists being typecast into an archetypal moral category in many of his deeds and actions. Many of his actions in Part One of the novel help contribute to the fuzzy picture of the character. For example,†¦show more content†¦Abstractly, it almost seems as though the other characters in the book look down on his for this not because he is not mourning, but rather because he is not mourning in the way they are. This sheds light on the overall theme of the novel, that of people being cast out of society because their views and methods do not line up with the accepted ways of society. The same moral ambiguity is also present in Meursaults murder of the Arab and the ensuing trial. As far as absolute morality goes, the murder is without question an act that falls on the evil side of ethics. That point is not a topic for debate, but in the reasons behind it the reader can find even more of Meursaults moral ambiguity. At the time, he does not seem to know why he is doing what he is doing, but it is certainly not out of spite or malice, nor out of any specific hatred of the Arab himself. He could be harboring a grudge on behalf of his friend, which would be understandable, since Raymond is one of the only people we see Meursault truly connect with in the novel, if it can even be called that. He could be taking preemptive action in self-defense, especially after he sees the knife glinting in the Arabs hand. In truth, it is never truly revealed what his motive for his rash action was, making it hard again toShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter1 602 Words   |  7 Pagesbegins with a stranger sharing a peaceful evening with a family near a fireplace. Hawthorne emphasizes the sense of warmth and unity between the intimate group. Although the stranger had just met the tight-knit family, he quickly finds â€Å"warmth and simplicity of feeling† in his surroundings. Hawthorne then shifts the warm tone to serious and thought-provoking, when he introduces death and the legacy one leaves behind, into the conversion. The group shares their future wishes: the stranger yearned toRead MoreAnalysis Of Hofstede s Dimension Of Culture1420 Words   |  6 Pageswithin a culture are made nervous by situations which they perceive as unstructured, unclear, or unpredictable. Japan is extremely high and the United States is low. High uncertainty-avoidance cultures seek to avoid ambiguity. Cultures low in uncertainty avoidance tend to accept ambiguity and lack of structure more easily. Mark avoided the problem for years. His avoidance of the problem is an example of individuals from low-uncertainty-avoidance cultures inclining only to work hard when needed. MarkRead MoreSocial Stereotypes And Cultural Stereotypes1282 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Barriers’ 1991), Dongyuan Deng and Shuli Zhang (‘Stereotypes Communication’ 2009) and Juliane House (Communicative Styles In English and German) to determine just how important it is for the foreigner to understand the cultural values, norms and moral attitudes of a different society, as to reduce the instance of miscommunication and offending of others within a particular group. Geographically, Germany locates itself in the centre of Europe, inhabited by over 81 million people approximately,Read MoreThe Argument Of Abortion On Abortion1692 Words   |  7 Pagesis granted, it still does not follow that abortion can be recognized as the wrongful killing of a human being. Thomson bases this claim on answering the question of whether or not a pregnant woman is under the moral obligation to sustain a fetus for nine months. To Thomson, there is no moral obligation, an argument provisioned by the analogical case of the unconscious violinist. In this case, she places the reader in an involuntary situation where they are hooked up to a dying violinist who is dependentRead MoreEuthanasia Essay993 Words   |  4 Pages249(part ii) Part (i) Word Reflection What do you believe?/ What is your opinion? Euthanasia is not wrong. Euthanasia can be a morally correct under appropriate supervision. What about the terms/definitions? Are they clear? What kind of problems or ambiguities arise here? The term Euthanasia is known by most ordinary people as it is a famous issue that still remain debatable. There should not be any problem understanding the argument of euthanasia is not wrong. Except the level of acceptance of EuthanasiaRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1332 Words   |  6 Pagesare some proved of behavioural genes at many twins study. When identical twins are reared apart, they still show same similarities in behaviour and response as they have been raise together. Take a look Take example of the case study of identical strangers twins (Paula Bernstein and Elyse Schein) explore Nature vs Nurture. One of the weakness issues against Biological Perspective is gay gene may exist that is mean they are actually born gays. Another issue is tendency to divorce, aggressive behaviourRead MoreThe practice of using ritual powers, magic and the invocation of spirits-broadly termed as1200 Words   |  5 Pagesbut also dictates a way in which they are expected to react to such unfortunate events. Witchcraft is found in every corner of their culture and influences the way they perceive things and the way their tribe functions according to specific laws, morals, etiquette and religion. The Zande come into daily contact with witchcraft. They respond to it with aggression and annoyance, instead of awe or fear, because it is so much a part if their ordinary world. They do not hold witchcraft responsible forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Tell Tale Heart 1110 Words   |  5 PagesOftentimes, the most truly despicable villains are marked with indifference towards their moral reprehensibility. â€Å"In the Penal Colony† and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† both elucidate the idea that corruption, darkness, and imm orality alike are unperceivable to the one afflicted. However, while â€Å"In the Penal Colony† suggests that this blind nature is a result of dutiful honor, responsibility, and hope, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† alternatively submits that it is a result of the possibility of fulfillment. Read MoreDoes Fiction Build the Morality of Individuals and Societies, or Does It Break It Down?947 Words   |  4 Pagescultivate our mental and moral development. Others however have argued that fiction is mentally and ethically obstructive. Posing the age old question: Does fiction build the morality of individuals and societies, or does it break it down? â€Å"The goal, I suppose, any fiction writer has, no matter what your subject, is to hit the human heart and the tear ducts and the nape of the neck and to make a person feel something about the characters are going through and to experience the moral paradoxes and strugglesRead MoreEssay on Alan Moores The Watchmen1610 Words   |  7 Pagestraditionally popularized portrayal of superheroes, whose unquestionably altruistic motives ultimately produce unrealistically idealized results; the realistically flawed characters of Watchmen exist in a multi faceted world characterized by moral ambiguity. America’s imperialistic ambitions have long been justified as an expression of American idealism. Much like the portrayal of superheroes in popular culture, America’s intervention in foreign affairs was portrayed as the result of a clearly defined

Investment Behavior Among Employees Problem-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How Is Investment Behavior Among Employees Affected By Their Level Of Income? What Is The Effect Of Gender Differences On Investment Employee Behaviour? How Does The Level Of Awareness Affect Investment Employee Behaviour? Answers: Introducation The objective of working is to earn income and sustain ones own needs. Everybody has unlimited wants and therefore continues to work for a long time. Even though the significant reason for being employed is to meet both short-term and long-term demands, still the salary has a different function. The willingness to earn and invest is felt by most workers, but the capacity to save may become a hindering factor. For some employees, the rate of return may determine the decision to invest or not. The salaried class presumably have a fixed source of income, but still, their investment behaviors differ widely (Anuradha ANJU, 2015). Furthermore, Employees may be equal in many aspects, but their behavior will vary significantly in a similar environment. Some different studies have been conducted on the factors affecting investment behavior but not in an exhaustive way, for instance, Parimalakanthi Kumar (2015) have researched the behavior of Individual Investors and their Preference. The pr esent study seeks to find out more on the specific determinants of the investment behavior among employees which include: the effect of income level, gender differences, and level of awareness on investment behavior among employees. Hypotheses Hypo 1 -There is a significant relationship between Employee behavior and level of satisfaction Hypo 2 - Gender differences affect investment employee behavior Hypo 3 - Level of awareness affects the investment decision. References Anuradha, P. S., ANJU, M. K. (2015). Saving and Investment BehaviourReview and an agenda for future research. Contemporary Commerce Review, 4, 43-73. Parimalakanthi, K., Kumar, M. A. (2015). A Study on Investment Preference and behaviour of Individual Investors in Coimbatore City. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Sci

Asian Americans Hispanics

Asian Americans Hispanics Although most Asian Americans are culturally assimilated (Americanized), they often encounter racism as people of foreign-origin, because of their distinctive Asian racial appearance. The Asian Americans have to face racism because they are assumed to have close ties with their Asian ethnic culture. The Americans always feel that Asian Americans do not belong to their country; so they wish to know the foreign ethnic origins of Asian Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Asian Americans Hispanics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethnic identity of Asian Americans has been a considerable challenge for them over the years. Many Asian Americans are identified more as Americans in comparison with their Asian cultural heritage even if they continue to acknowledge its impact. The reason for this consists in the fact that they have become assimilated with the American culture and are part of the culture, hence, they are not discriminated against a lot. Since they have been accepted in some way by the society the live in, the Asian Americans do not actively assert their ethnic identity. The issue of ethnic identity comes to surface in the context of viewing the Asian Americans as foreign ethnic minority in America due to their race and place of birth, being the factors, which cannot be evaded. Many Asian Americans are proud to be of Asian descent since they accept and enjoy Asian ethnic heritage, which is encouraged by the fact that America has a multi-ethnic ideology and interest in cultural diversity. In the context of ethnic identity, there has been the emergence of Asian Americans as the ethnic identity that includes all ethnic minorities of Asian origin in the United States due to the fact that various groups of Asian American descent have been counted as a nation. In the political scene, the mobilization of people with Asian American descent as a nation has also contributed to this aspect. Al so in the sphere of education, the term Asian American is popular among youth since they feel they cannot identify their exact ethnic race, hence, they refer themselves to one group due to their origin. However, older people of Japanese American descent do not identify themselves as Asian Americans since they feel they are different from other Asian Americans, as such, the term can be considered broad. In the history of ethnicity, ethnic revival has been evident among the latest generations of Asian Americans. Some of the youth of Japanese American descent have claimed that they regret that they have become assimilated to such an extent due to the lost of the Japanese ethnic heritage. It has created the awareness connected with the ethnic revival, making the Asian Americans feel that maintaining and sustaining their ethnic heritage is essential, hence, they should avoid becoming Americanized.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your fir st paper with 15% OFF Learn More The future of Asian Americans in American society is still debatable considering the fact whether they can be fully considered as whites. The Asian Americans have become part of the society, but they have not been considered as whites. Even if they become more assimilated in terms of culture, the Asian Americans will hardly be considered as white. The reason for such consideration is that there is a difference between the physical appearance of various races. The determinant factor to how one is viewed and identified within their ethnic race is mainly their physical appearance. An individual is mainly identified by his/her race due to their nature and origin. However, this can eventually change with the consideration of high intermarriage rates between Asian Americans and whites. Many people born in intermarriages, consider and identify themselves as whites since their physical appearance resembles whites.

Biography of John Napier, Scottish Mathematician

Biography of John Napier, Scottish Mathematician John Napier (1550-April 4, 1617) was a Scottish mathematician and theological writer who developed the concept of  logarithms and the decimal point as a mathematical calculation method. He also had an influence in the world of physics and astronomy. Fast Facts: John Napier Known For: Developing and introducing the concept of logarithms, Napiers Bones and the decimal point.Born: 1550 at Merchiston Castle, near  Edinburgh, ScotlandDied: April 4, 1617, at Merchiston CastleSpouse(s): Elizabeth Stirling (m. 1572-1579), Agnes ChisholmChildren: 12 (2 with Stirling, 10 with Chisholm)Notable Quote: Seeing there is nothing that is so troublesome to mathematical practice.... than the multiplications, divisions, square and cubical extractions of great numbers, which besides the tedious expense of time are... subject to many slippery errors, I began, therefore, to consider [how] I might remove those hindrances. Early Life Napier was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, into the Scottish nobility. Since his father was Sir Archibald Napier of Merchiston Castle, and his mother, Janet Bothwell, was the daughter of a member of Parliament, John Napier became the laird (property owner) of Merchiston. Napiers father was only 16 when his son, John, was born. As was the practice for members of the nobility, Napier did not enter school until he was 13. He did not stay in school very long, however. It is believed that he dropped out and traveled in  Europe to continue his studies. Little is known about these years, where or when he may have studied. In 1571, Napier turned 21 and returned to Scotland. The following year he married Elizabeth Stirling, daughter of Scottish mathematician James Stirling (1692-1770), and bat a castle at Gartnes in 1574. The couple had two children before Elizabeth died in 1579. Napier later married Agnes Chisholm, with whom he had ten children. On the death of his father in 1608, Napier and his family moved into Merchiston Castle, where he lived the rest of his life. Napiers father had been deeply interested and involved in religious matters, and Napier himself was no different. Because of his inherited wealth, he needed no professional position. He kept himself very busy by being involved with the political and religious controversies of his time. For the most part, religion and politics in Scotland at this time pitted Catholics against Protestants. Napier was anti-Catholic, as evidenced by his 1593 book against Catholicism and the papacy (office of the pope) entitled A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John. This attack was so popular that it was translated into several languages and saw many editions. Napier always felt that if he attained any fame at all in his life, it would be because of that book. Becoming an Inventor As a person of high energy and curiosity, Napier paid much attention to his landholdings and tried to improve the workings of his estate. Around the Edinburgh area, he became widely known as Marvellous Merchiston for the many ingenious mechanisms he built to improve his crops and cattle. He experimented with fertilizers to enrich his land, invented an apparatus to remove water from flooded coal pits, and bat devices to better survey and measure land. He also wrote about plans to bad elaborate devices that would deflect any Spanish invasion of the British Isles. In addition, he described military devices that were similar to todays submarine, machine gun, and army tank. He never attempted to build any of the military instruments, however. Napier had a great interest in astronomy. which led to his contribution to mathematics. John was not just a stargazer; he was involved in research that required lengthy and time-consuming calculations of very large numbers. Once the idea came to him that there might be a better and simpler way to perform large number calculations, Napier focused on the issue and spent twenty years perfecting his idea. The result of this work is what we now call  logarithms. The Father of Logarithms and the Decimal Point Napier realized that all numbers can be expressed in what is now called exponential form, meaning 8 can be written as 23, 16 as 24  and so on. What makes logarithms so useful is the fact that the operations of multiplication and division are reduced to simple addition and subtraction. When very large numbers are expressed as a logarithm, multiplication becomes the addition of  exponents. Example: 102  times 105  can be calculated as 10  25  or 107. This is easier than 100 times 100,000. Napier first made this discovery known in 1614 in his book called A Description of the Wonderful Canon of Logarithms. The author briefly described and explained his inventions, but more importantly, he included his first set of logarithmic tables. These tables were a stroke of genius and a big hit with astronomers and scientists. It is said that English mathematician Henry Briggs was so influenced by the tables that he traveled to Scotland just to meet the inventor. This lead to a cooperative improvement including the development of  Base 10. Napier was also responsible for advancing the notion of the decimal fraction by introducing the use of the decimal point. His suggestion that a simple point could be used to separate the whole number and fractional parts of a number soon became accepted practice throughout Great Britain. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Nuclear Weapon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nuclear Weapon - Essay Example That was the first and last strategic use of the "dirty bomb" which left its permanent mark in the form of acute radiation sickness and many lost generations in Japan. Such a mass level of death was only achieved by the Nazi's or blood thirsty conquerors like Genghis Khan who killed indiscriminately and mercilessly. Wiping out the entire population of an enemy country has never been easier. Yet in the aftermath of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki saga the nations of the world woke up to the horrific nightmares of such a drastic strategic weapon use. The use of nuclear weapons was strongly opposed at an international level and nuclear weapons were reduced to their role as political weapons.2Today these weapons have become political instruments with their role in pressuring and dominating other states. Any state without nuclear weapons perceives itself to be "weak" in political negotiations. 3 However super powers like the US have not exactly forgiven their weaker counterparts i.e. those countries who have dared to show defiance by "possessing" nuclear weapons. An example is the recent destruction of Iraq due to its weapons of mass destruction and the threats of a US attack faced by Iran for its hidden weapons of mass destruction.4 Pakistan has never revived from its political instability , since the political turmoil which arose just after the former premier Nawaz Sharif's refusal to sign the CTBT. 5. Arguably the nuclear weapon has become a cultural instrument .The 20th century saw two world wars and many civil wars which reshaped and readjusted the entire world's geography ,history and politics. There was a culture of violence which involved the cowboy style elimination of any state which dared defy a super power. Thus it was a culture of achieving ends by means of mass destruction and bloodshed. The ease with which the "dirty bomb" eliminated the enemy population frightened the warring nations beyond their wits. This is evident from the fact that apart from a few civil wars and regional unrest, there has been no large scale warfare around the world. Now there is a culture of promoting peace and having peace talks as all nations secretly wonder what the other state might be hiding in its weapons arsenal. However another alarming development is the increase in the ambiguous nuclear arsenals and secret war exercises in deserts by many countries like Pakistan and Israel6.The events of the past decade have seen an increase in the strategic, political and cultural importance of nuclear weapons .With in all three of these contexts Nuclear Weapons have become a part and parcel of the defence culture and an important tenet of government and policy. It should be noted in the background that the increase in the availability of the weapons has not been left uncontrolled and unmonitored. In 1957 the IAEA (The International Atomic Energy Agency) was set up to promote peaceful development of nuclear power and also provide for its control and to counter the proliferation of such weapons with in the principles of public international law. The IAEA did indeed encourage peaceful use of nuclear applications and the CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) was a controversial issue of the mid-nineties which prohibited the testing of nuclear technology. Notoriously enough India and Pakistan refused to sign it, making South Asia a politically sensitive nation.7Since

Saudi Arabian press during the occurrence of the events in Bahrain Dissertation

Saudi Arabian press during the occurrence of the events in Bahrain from 14th February to 16th March 2011 - Dissertation Example Content analysis, in relation to the Bahrain’s conflict, of the two leading Saudi Arabian newspapers namely, Alriyadh and Alyoum was carried out by employing a constructed week approach for the entire period of occurrence of these events. The results of this content analysis revealed that the coverage of the events in Bahrain by the Saudi Press was, to a great extent, dependent on the Saudi Press Agency as a result of the constraints imposed over the press in the kingdom by the Saudi Arabian information policy. The news related to the Bahraini events mostly appeared to be positive in tone and also, tended to support the agenda and interests of the government of Saudi Arabia linked to the political and democratic position of Bahrain that particularly involve the status of the shiahs in the country. The findings of the content analysis deduced that the Saudi press failed to play its ideal role in the coverage of the events in Bahrain since it was extensively monitored, regulariz ed and censored and thereby, was not completely free and trustworthy. Thus, it is recommended that the press regulations should not be imposed by an external body instead they should better come from the press itself.

Descriptive Words Essay Example for Free

Descriptive Words Essay Words Smile, grin, beam, smirk . . . Frown, scowl, glare, glower, grimace . . . Stare, gaze, gape, watch, gawk, ogle, look, examine, leer . . . Flinch, recoil, balk, cringe, shy away, pull back, wince, cower, shrink, tremble . . . Incredulous, disbelieving, skeptical, doubtful, dubious, uncertain, suspicious, questioning, vague . . . Quizzical, questioning, puzzled, surprised, perplexed, inquiring Interested, curious, involved, attentive, concerned, attracted, fascinated, engrossed . . . Sad, gloomy, cheerless, depressing, dark, dull, thick, dreary . . Happy, content, pleased, glad, joyful, cheerful, blissful, exultant, ecstatic, delighted, cheery, jovial . . . Scared, frightened, terrified, petrified, afraid, fearful, nervous, anxious, worried, timid, shy . . . Strong, burly, brawny, strapping, muscular, beefy, tough, fervent, intense, zealous, avid, eager . . . Coy, bashful, timid, modest, reserved, demure . . . Indifferent, apathetic, unresponsive . . . Remote, aloof, detached, distant . . Threatened, intimidated, alarmed, worried, anxious, troubled, upset, distressed, shocked, startled . . . Crash, thud, bump, thump, bang, thunder, smash, explode, roar, shout, scream, screech, shout, whistle, whine, squawk, blare, slam, stomp, stamp, noise, clap, bark, meow, moo, boom, yell, whisper, hum, snap, hiss, crackle . . . Taut, uptight, immobilized, paralyzed, tense, stretched, hollow, alarmed, strong, weak, sweaty, breathless, nauseated, sluggish, weary, tired, alive, feisty . . . Angry, resentful, irritated, enraged, furious, annoyed, inflamed, provoked, infuriated, offended, sullen, indignant, irate, wrathful, cross, sulky, bitter, frustrated, grumpy, boiling, fuming, stubborn, belligerent, confused, awkward, bewildered, empty . . . Angrily, anxiously, brightly, cheerfully, comfortably, curiously, delightfully, eagerly, enormously, excitedly, faintly, falsely, fearfully, foolishly, frightfully, gently, gracefully, gratefully, greedily, grumpily, helplessly, heroically, hungrily, impatiently, joyfully, kindly, luckily, magically, majestically, merrily, remarkably, splendidly, strangely, swiftly, unusually Afraid, fearful, frightened, timid, wishy-washy, shaky, apprehensive, fidgety, terrified, panicky, tragic, hysterical, cautious, shocked, horrified, insecure, impatient, nervous, dependent, anxious, pressured, worried, doubtful, suspicious, hesitant, awed, dismayed, scared, petrified, gutless . . . Bad, worse, poor, terrible, horrible, evil, wicked, corrupt, heinous, inferior, inept, ill, unfortunate , distressful . . . Big, huge, giant, gigantic, monstrous, tremendous , gargantuan , large, wide, important, influential, immense, massive, bulky, heavy, voluminous . . . Eager, keen, earnest, intent, zealous, ardent, avid, anxious, enthusiastic, proud . . . Fearless,, encouraged, courageous, confident, secure, independent, reassured, bold, brave, daring, heroic, hardy, determined, loyal, proud, impulsive . . . Good, excellent, fine, satisfactory , kind, generous, worthy, humane, pure, benign, benevolent , proper, valid, favored . . Happy, brisk, buoyant, calm, carefree, cheerful, cheery, comfortable, complacent, contented, ecstatic, elated, enthusiastic, excited, exhilarated, generous, glad, grateful, hilarious, inspired, jolly, joyous, lighthearted, merry, optimistic, peaceful, playful, pleased, relaxed, restive, satisfied, serene, sparkling, spirited, surprised, vivacious . . Hurt, injured, isolated, offended, distressed, pained, suffering, afflicted, worried, tortured . . Little, small, tiny, micros copic, miniscule, minute, inconsequential, Lilliputian, insignificant, narrow, thin, paltry, modest, slender, slight . . . Looked, gazed, peered, starched , stared, glanced, sighted, regarded , attended , viewed, inspected , directed, followed . . Nice, friendly, helpful, gentle, warm, inspiring, good-natured, kind, generous, cheerful, loving, happy, funny, peppy, relaxed, thoughtful, cooperative . . . Ran, trotted, skipped, hurried, moved, sped, operated, progressed , glided, flowed, traced, pursued, galloped, loped, fled . . . Sad, sorrowful, unhappy, depressed, melancholy, gloomy, somber, dismal, heavy-hearted, mournful, dreadful, dreary, flat, blah, dull, in the dumps, sullen, moody, sulky, out of sorts, low, discontented, discouraged, disappointed, concerned, sympathetic, compassionate, choked up, embarrassed, shameful, ashamed, useless, worthless, ill at ease . . . Said, acknowledged, acquiesced, added, addressed, admitted, admonished, advised, advocated, affirmed, agreed, alleged, allowed, announced, answered, approved, argued, asked, assented, asserted, assumed, assured, attested, avowed, babbled, bantered, bargained, barked, began, begged, bellowed, beseeched, boasted, bragged, brought, called, cautioned, charged, chided, cited, claimed, commanded, comment, commented, complained, conceded, concluded, condescended, confessed, confided, consented, contended, contested, continued, contradicted, counseled, countered, cracked, cried, debated, decided, declared, decreed, demanded, demurred, denied, denounced, described, dictated, directed, disclosed, disrupted, divulged, drawled, droned, elaborated, emphasized, enjoined, entreated, enunciated, estimated, exclaimed, explained, exposed, expressed, faltered, feared, foretold, fumed, giggled, granted, granted, grinned, groaned, growled, grumbled, haggled, hedged, held, hesitated, hinted, howled, impar ted, implied, implored, indicated, inferred, informed, inquired, insinuated, insisted, instructed, nterjected, interrogated, intimated, intimidated, itemized, jested, judged, lamented, laughed, lectured, lied, lisped, listed, made, maintained, mentioned, mimicked, moaned, mumbled, murmured, mused, muttered, nagged, narrated, noted, notified, objected, observed, opined, orated, ordered, petitioned, pleaded, pled, pointed, prayed, predicted, proclaimed, professed, prompted, pronounced, proposed, propounded, protested, proved, publicized, queried, questioned, quibbled, quipped, quoted, rambled, ranted, reaffirmed, reasoned, reassured, reciprocated, recited, recommended, recounted, referred, refuted, regretted, reiterated, rejoiced, rejoined, related, relented, remarked, reminded, remonstrated, repeated, replied, reported, reprimanded, requested, responded, restated, resumed, retorted, returned, revealed, roared, ruled, sanctioned, scoffed, scolded, screamed, shouted, shrieked, snapped, sneered, sobbed, solicited, specified, spoke, sputtered, stammered, stated, stipulated, stormed, stressed, stuttered, suggested, taunted, testified, thought, threatened, told, twitted, unbridled, urged, uttered, vowed, wailed, warned, went, wept, whispered, whistled, whooped, wrangled, yawned, yelled . . . Amazing, Attractive, Authentic, Beautiful, Better, Big, Colorful, Colossal, Complete, Confidential, Enormous, Excellent, Exciting, Exclusive, Expert, Famous, Fascinating, Free, Full, Genuine, Gigantic, Huge, Informative, Instructive, Interesting, Lavishly, Liberally, Mammoth, Professional, Startling, Strange, Strong, Sturdy, Successful, Superior, Surprise . . . Crammed, Delivered, Directed . . . Brave, Angry, Bright, Busy, Clever, Cold, Cozy, Deep, Flat, Foggy, Free, Fresh, Frozen, Gentle, Giant, Glad, Grand, Hollow, Hungry, Hurt, Lucky, Neat, New, Old, Polite, Proud, Rough, Serious, Shiny, Short, Shy, Smooth, Spotted, Strong, Tall, Tough, Weak, Wide, Wild, Wise, Bumpy, Careful, Cheerful, Chilly, Clean, Cloudy, Crisp, Damp, Enormous, Fancy, Flashy, Flowery, Frosty, Fuzzy, Huge, Icy, Kind, Marvelous, Merry, Messy, Mighty, Misty, Moldy, Plaid, Plain, Quiet, Scented, Selfish, Sharp, Slim, Slippery, Sloppy, Sly, Soggy, Spicy, Stormy, Striped, Sweet, Tasty, Thinly, Tiny, Velvety, Twinkling, Weak, Worn, Young . . .

Educational Implications for Heideggers Views On Poetry And Thinking E

Educational Implications for Heidegger's Views On Poetry And Thinking ABSTRACT: I discuss some of the educational implications emerging from Heidegger's views on poetry, thinking, and language. Specifically, Heidegger's views on the neighborhood between poetry and thinking suggest that most accepted methods of teaching poetry are in error, because they ignore this neighboring relation. The importance of this relation is presented and clarified. I then discuss the implications of Heidegger's view for teaching poetry. Heidegger's series of three lectures, later published as "The Nature of Language" has some very significant implications for education. (1) In this paper I focus on the second lecture. In opening his second lecture, Heidegger invites his listeners to think about the nature of language. Such thinking, he explains, has little to do with the quest for knowledge in the sciences. He cautions his listeners about the danger arising from the domination of method in scientific study and discourse. He cites Nietzsche who stated that what characterizes contemporary science is the victory of scientific method over science. By contrast, thinking, including thinking about the nature of language, has to do with a quite unique region in which thought exists. It is not dominated by or based on a method. Thinking is not even governed by a specific theme. In today's science, Heidegger holds, even the theme of study is a part of the method. The field of Computer Sciences, with which Heidegger was not well versed, since it flourished -- exploded -- after his death, is a poignant example of a contemporary science whose theme is controlled by method. Heidegger's description of science has proved quite true in the four decades s... ... 1997). (5) Pablo Neruda, "For All to Know" in Pablo Neruda, Winter Garden, trans. William O'Daly (Port Townsend, Wash.: Copper Canyon Press, 1986) p.19. (6) Martin Heidegger, "Letter on Humanism" in Basic Writings, ed. David Farrell Krell (New York: Harper & Row, 1977) p. 210. (7) Pablo Neruda, Spain in the Heart: Hymn to the Glories of the People at War, trans. Richard Schaaf (Washington: Azul Editions, 1993). See Pablo Neruda, Memoirs (Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1978), pp. 125-126. (8) Heidegger, "The Nature of Language," p. 93. (9) Hayden Carruth, Collected Shorter Poems, 1946-1991 (Fort Worden, Wash: Copper Canyon Press, 1992). p. 343. (10) Martin Heidegger, Aristotle's Metaphysics, Bk. IX Ch.1-3: On the Essence and Actuality of Force, trans. Walter Brogan and Peter Warnek (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1995), p. 109.

Community Policing Corruption Essay

In today’s society, the amount of crime that occurs can be quite difficult to deal with and responsibility ends up falling on police to curtail it. Unfortunately, the infectious nature of crime often drags these assigned â€Å"stoppers† into the same mud that they are trying to prevent others from falling into. When officers abuse their legally sanctioned position of authority, it is known as police corruption. It is a persistent problem that is more significant in a criminal sense than the average person committing a crime because it is happening by a representative/protector of the law. Since police are not judiciaries, they do not determine who is guilty and thus undermine the law system when they do these crimes. Also, it is important to note that police corruption is not the same as an ordinary instance of crime. To elaborate, â€Å"Police corruption is an illegal use of organizational power for personal gain. The personal nature of the gain distinguishes corruption from brutality, perjury, illegal search, or any other law violations committed in the pursuit of such legitimate organizational goals as fighting crime. The organizational nature of the power used illegally excludes many crimes committed by policemen, such as burglary committed by a city police officer in his suburban town of residence in which he has no contact with the local police. That particular burglary would be merely a crime. A burglary committed by a police officer in his own police jurisdiction, under the protection of his colleagues or aided by his organizational knowledge of his colleagues’ practices, would be both a crime and an act of police corruption.† (Sherman, 31). As one can see, police corruption is a serious problem as it is almost always involves an associated act of crime. There is no room for this behaviour in fair environments and it cannot occur if society wishes to advance. Ultimately, police corruption cannot coexist with the concept of community policing because it is unethical and morally wrong, it is contrary to Robert Peel’s nine principles of policing and undermines effectiveness, and it offers no sense of accountability to the government and to the public. There is no logical way to justify corrupt actions by the police. Any time it occurs, it involves the â€Å"abuse of a legally sanctioned position of authority—in other words, the status of the police officer makes the crime possible. It is this abuse of a ‘sanctioned and sacred’ social position that makes police corruption so dangerous. It is the ultimate social inversion—the cops become criminals. (Police Corruption)† Instead of helping to fight crime, they end up contributing to the problem through means that are only available to them because of their sworn duties as protectors of the community. When corruption is revealed to the public, the police lose the confidence and trust that allows them to function and be legitimate. Corrupt acts are completely immoral as they are motivated by personal gain which demonstrates selfishness and a disregard of the well-being of society. The detrimental aspects of police misconduct cannot be overstated as they immediately threaten the possibility of effective police-community relationships. â€Å"In terms of public trust for law enforcement, recent polls show that only 56 percent of people rated the police as having a high or very high ethical standard as compared with 84 percent for nurses. Over the past few decades, great strides have occurred in the law enforcement profession. To begin with, many police agencies have avoided hiring candidates who have low ethical standards and have identified those onboard employees early in their careers who might compromise the department’s integrity. In addition, research has discovered new methods of testing candidates for their psychological propensity to act ethically. However, unethical conduct by the nation’s police officers continues to occur in departments large and small. (Martin). Clearly, society has made some strides toward ensuring ethical and rational behaviour in the police force but it is impossible to root it out all the way to the individual level. For community policing to be effective, a high percentage of officers must be able to see the difference between right and wrong and take appropriate action. Recent studies offer some understanding of the phenomenon in the hope of rooting out this behavior that serves to undermine the overall legitimacy of law enforcement. Theories on the role of society in law enforcement, the negative influence of an officer’s department, and a person’s own natural tendency to engage in unethical behavior have been offered as potential explanations. While some may argue that the â€Å"rotten apple† theory is the best explanation for this problem, the vast amount of evidence to the contrary is overwhelming. Deviance rarely persists in an isolated environment but it thrives when it is adopted by an entity such as a department. To explain, â€Å"If we scan these activities then it must be plain that we are no longer dealing with individuals seeking solely personal gain but with group behaviour rooted in established arrangements. Police officers have to be initiated into these practises, rationalisations have to be produced to accept them, supervisors have to collude or turn a blind eye, justifications have to be sought to continue them, and organizations have either in some way to condone or encourage these activities — or else fail to tackle them. This is social behaviour, conducted in groups within organizations, that is powerful enough to override the officer’s oath of office, personal conscience, departmental regulations and criminal laws (European Committee, 68).† For all of these events to occur, it is evident that a multitude of people inside the organization must collaborate and therefore it is rarely an isolated case of corruption. Corruption is highly contagious and this is illustrated well through theories such as the â€Å"slippery slope† and â€Å"grass vs meat eaters† This also explains why corruption is usually concentrated in certain precincts or areas instead of being dispersed. Sir Robert Peel was credited with the concept that the police depend on citizen cooperation in providing services in a democratic society. â€Å"Peel envisioned a strong connection between the police and the community (Police Corruption)†. Unfortunately, the existence of police corruption is contrary to all nine of his principles. The police’s basic mission is to prevent crime and disorder, which they only contribute to if they are corrupt. They rely on the public approval of their actions, which cannot happen in a just society (â€Å"community tolerance, or even support, for police corruption can facilitate a department’s becoming corrupt [Sherman, 32]). Corrupt police officers do not cooperate with the public; they avoid contact as they do not want to reveal their illicit nature. Since corrupt officers are aware of their actions, they might have improper judgement and use physical force. They fail to demonstrate absolutely impartial service by attempting to manipulate public opinion, do not become â€Å"one† with the public, they usurp the power of the judiciary, and sacrifice efficiency for personal gain by not devoting all of their effort to reducing crime and disorder. These corrupt officers also undermine effectiveness as they do not use their time as well as they should be, show only self-concern and indifference to the morality of the situation, and abuse resources. â€Å"The legal authority of police departments and the nature of law violations in their jurisdiction provide organizational resources that can be exploited for personal gain. The nature of these resources varies greatly among and within police departments according to the nature of police tasks performed and the social characteristics of the police task environment. A police department that is a corrupt organization can exploit the resources for internal profit. In all cases, exploitation of these resources for personal gain is an inversion of the formal goals of the organization. (Sherman, 38). Depending on exactly what type of resources the organization deals with, they may or may not be suitable for exploitation. Federal drug enforcement entities constantly deal with opportunities to make a lot of illicit profit whereas Secret Services almost never has chances to make illicit gains at all. In many situations, police may lose some or all of their accountability to the public or government if they do not act with the appropriate intentions. Accountability is a vital element of not just community policing but policing in general. If the police are to achieve their goal which should be lawfulness and legitimacy, they require effective accountability procedures. â€Å"Lawfulness and legitimacy, in turn, are essential if the police are to achieve their goals of reducing crime and disorder, enhancing the quality of neighborhood life, and serving community needs. A lack of legitimacy inhibits the development of working partnerships that are an essential ingredient in community policing and problem oriented policing. Contrary to the popular view that effective crime control and respect for constitutional principles are competing values in policing, experts today increasingly recognize that lawful conduct and accountability are essential for crime-fighting. (Walker, 1). While it is apparent that lawfulness and legitimacy must be upheld in order to serve the community, a fundamental principal of a democratic society that the police should be held accountable for their actions. This includes choosing what actions they take and how they perform. This is especially true in post-conflict environments where police forces are viewed as brutal, corrupt, and unfair. In order to maintain a healthy relationship, a â€Å"liberal society must be maintained, complaints about the police must be addressed, and police themselves must be protected by disgruntled acts by the community† (Accountability and Police). At the same time, police must keep a healthy distance to avoid excessive personal interaction which leads to preferential treatment, discretion, and favouritism. Furthermore, it is important to note that, â€Å"The accountability of police to the public is undermined when charges are often dropped while officers under investigation are usually suspended with pay. In other words, there is no real certainty of punishment and this de-legitimizes any notion of public accountability and respect for the law (Police Corruption). In the eyes of the public, it is already bad enough that the officer are taking advantage of their position of authority but to have them face virtually no consequences is beyond demoralizing. In order for community policing to exist, the public must be confident in the fact that the police are not taking advantage of their position and are accountable in and out of service. In conclusion, because police corruption is unethical and morally wrong, violates all of Robert Peel’s principles, and shows a complete disregard of the notion of accountability, it is impossible to coincide with effective community policing. Police corruption is the illegal use of organizational power for personal gain and unfortunately a still a common occurrence in modern society. It is crucial for the police, as protectors of society, to not allow themselves to stoop so low. The community has to be able to know that no matter what police might have to deal with, they will remain pure and free of corruption in order to begin forming positive relationships. Methods of containing corruption include abolishing existing precedures that encourage corruption, letting go of any member that demonstrates corrupt tendencies, requiring a certain level of accountability, and many other steps. Organizations such as the Special Investigations Unit have made strides in reducing corruption however it is not nearly enough. If corruption is controlled to a point where it no longer has a detrimental impact to society, community policing can have enough room to develop. â€Å"Preventing corruption completely is a tall order. However, steps can be taken to reduce it significantly. There are a few fundamental ideas that can be implemented that can, by their very nature, curb corruption. The three areas that need attention are the officer training, personal characters, and the incentives program. The first step is to hire police officers of good character. Stricter screening methods need to be implemented to decrease the chance that a potential hire will become corrupt. Once an officer is hired, the department should do all it can to promote ethics on the job. The department must understand that the citizens trust the police to be ethical, and a breach of that trust is unjust. Further, it is not practical to act unethically. People eye the police and their behavior constantly. Corruption in the force makes it easier for a citizen to rationalize acting unlawfully, which just creates more work for the police. If a police officer, who is allegedly the pillar of the law, can defy it, why cannot the citizens who pay for the police services? (White) A corrupt police officer cannot very well express effectively why citizens should obey the law, for he has no consistency and thus no credibility. Works Cited Sherman, Lawrence W. Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption. N.p.: University of California, 1978. Print. Police Powers and Accountability in a Democratic Society. N.p.: 2000. Google Books. Web. . Walker, Samuel. â€Å"Police Accountability: Current Issues and Research Needs.† National Institute of Justice Police Planning (2006): 1-35. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . White, Stuart A. â€Å"Controlling Police Corruption.† Stanford University. N.p., 4 June 1994. Web. 25 Jan. 2012. . Martin, Rich M.S. â€Å"Police Corruption: An Analytical Look Into Police Ethics.† FBI. N.p., May 2011. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. .

Telescopes Are Those That Use Both Mirrors And Lenses

Catadioptric: Catadioptric telescopes are those that use both mirrors and lenses to produce an image. The most common or popular type of catadioptric telescope is the Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope. Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes (SCT) are a catadioptric design, meaning they use both lenses and mirrors. SCTs are primarily reflecting telescopes, but they use a corrector lens to eliminate aberrations that would result from the mirror design alone. In an SCT the incoming light passes through the Schmidt corrector lens (also called a corrector plate) at the front of telescope. It is reflected from a concave primary mirror at the back of the scope which focuses the light to the front of the telescope where it is reflected again by a smaller, convex secondary mirror. Finally, the light travels back through a hole in the primary mirror to the rear of the scope where an eyepiece is located for visual observing. (Starizona.com, 2015) Below is a ray diagram of a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope: (A-levelphysicstutor.com, 2015) At first it seems that an SCT should have a focal length twice as long as the length of the tube, since the light travels twice the length of the tube. However, SCTs actually have focal lengths about 5 times longer than the tube length. This is due to the convex curvature of the secondary mirror. This effectively magnifies the focal length, making the scope act much longer than it is. The diagram below shows how a Cassegrain type telescope (such as an SCT)Show MoreRelatedHistory of the Telescope2127 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The telescope is an instrument which increases our ability to observe far away objects through the collection of electromagnetic radiation, the most prevalent type of telescope is the optical telescope which collects light, however there are other kinds of telescopes which collect UV and X -Rays. 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